Electric Submersible Cables Market

Electric Submersible Cables Market (ESP Cable Type: ESP Flat Power Cable and ESP Round Power Cable; and Insulation: Polypropylene and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2023-2031

Electric Submersible Cables Market Outlook

  • The industry was valued at US$ 5.2 Bn in 2022
  • It is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.3% from 2023 to 2031 and reach US$ 8.3 Bn by the end of 2031

Analyst Viewpoint

Substantial growth in the oil & gas sector is a key factor that is boosting the electric submersible cables market size. Submersible power cables are primarily used in the oil & gas sector, as they handle higher pressures and temperatures, and also nullify the risk of corrosion. Furthermore, submersible power lines offer fire safety measures.

Rise in adoption of electric submersible cables in the water & wastewater sector is also boosting electric submersible cables market growth. Around 25% to 30% of the global population is facing scarcity of drinking water. This is necessitating the need for treatment of wastewater.

Electric submersible pumps treat wastewater, while electric submersible cables effectively channelize the water treated to the desired locations. Key players operating in the global submersible cables market are increasingly offering highly flexible cables with uniform resistance that can operate in harsh conditions.

Market Introduction

Electric submersible cables are specifically designed for establishing power connection into liquid at various depths under diverse degrees of pressure. They are used effectively in applications such as mining, chlorination or depuration systems, swimming pool lighting, preservation of foodstuff and drinks intended for human intake, aquariums, wastewater treatment, and oil & gas.

Electric submersible cables help reduce pump cavitation as well as damage from the higher concentrations of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide. Thus, they are ideal for usage in oil & gas and wastewater treatment sectors.

Rise in manufacture of specially made cables that are resistant to abrasion, grease, and moisture; and highly effective in harsh environments and wet areas is one of the key electric submersible cables market trends.

Underwater electrical cabling plays an important role in various industries. Demand for installation of equipment with electric submersible cables is high in the mining sector. The farming sector is also witnessing the introduction of subsurface irrigation systems, where these cables are used.

Electric submersible cables are also preferred in closely confined electric cable units, as they are equipped with watertight gaskets that enable the prevention of short circuit. Thus, rise in usage of the different types of electric submersible cables in the sectors mentioned above is creating lucrative electric submersible cables market opportunities for companies operating in the sector.

High Adoption in Oil & Gas Sector Fostering Market Development

High-performance, reliable, and robust cables that possess the capacity to withstand extreme conditions are used extensively in the oil & gas sector. Electric submersible armored cables made up of aluminum or steel render extra protection in harsh conditions encountered in oil & gas industry-related operations.

These cables are also resistant to high pressure. High-temperature resistant Teflon insulated submersible power lines provide electrical stability. For downhole environments, submersible tubing encapsulated cables are used for power supply and data transmission.

Submersible instrumentation cables enable the transmission of low-voltage signals required to monitor and control processes in oil & gas operations. Thus, expansion in the oil & gas sector is fueling the worldwide electric submersible cables market.

Rise in Demand for Electric Submersible Pumps in Water and Wastewater Treatment Driving Electric Submersible Cables Market Revenue

Electric submersible pumps are extensively employed in water and wastewater management facilities for moving sludge/water mixtures during treatment. Electric submersible cables are used in these pumps.

Scarcity of drinking water is one of the key concerns plaguing the world. It needs to be addressed through effective wastewater treatment. Electric submersible pump plays a vital role in efficient effective wastewater treatment.

Thus, growth in demand for electric submersible pumps in the water & wastewater sector is bolstering the global electric submersible cables industry.

However, the maximum submersion depth of the electric submersible pump needs to be checked before choosing electric submersible cables, as exposure to liquid beyond the designated depth may result in breakage of sealing and insulating mechanisms of cables, thus causing water ingress.

Regional Outlook

As per electric submersible cables market analysis, European accounted for significant share of the global landscape in 2022.

Substantial expansion in the oil & gas industry and rise in construction of new water & wastewater treatment facilities are key factors that are boosting the market dynamics of Europe.

Electric submersible cables market share of North America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa is projected to rise steadily during the forecast period. These regions are focusing on investing significantly in sewage water treatment, drinking water projects, and agriculture.

Analysis of Key Electric Submersible Cables Market Manufacturers

Companies operating in the global electric submersible cables landscape are diversifying their product portfolio to cater to applications in different sectors such as mining, oil & gas, and construction.

They are also expanding their production facilities to meet the rising demand for electric submersible cables from various regions across the globe. For instance, in December 2023, Nexans signed two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with the Government of Morocco for opening a new cable plant in the country.

Borets, The Kerite Company, General Cable Technologies Corporation, Prysmian Group, Jainson Cables India Pvt. Ltd., Superstar Cable Industries, Southwire Company, LLC, Nexans, V-Guard Industries Ltd., Havells India Ltd., Hitachi Metals Ltd., Alkhoorayef Petroleum, Schlumberger Ltd., Halliburton, and Baker Hughes, a GE Company are the leading manufacturers of electric submersible cables operating across the globe.

These firms have been profiled in the electric submersible cables market report based on parameters such as company overview, business strategies, financial overview, product portfolio, and business segments.

Key Developments

  • In June 2023, Ducab inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Baker Hughes for expediting the production and development of power cables for electrical submersible pumps
  • In December 2022, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Borets with the objective of establishing local manufacturing facilities, especially for electric submersible power cables, the first one in this region

Electric Submersible Cables Market Snapshot

Attribute Detail
Market Size in 2022 US$ 5.2 Bn
Market Forecast (Value) in 2031 US$ 8.3 Bn
Growth Rate (CAGR) 5.3%
Forecast Period 2023-2031
Historical Data Available for 2018-2021
Quantitative Units US$ Bn for Value
Market Analysis It includes segment analysis as well as regional level analysis. Moreover, qualitative analysis includes drivers, restraints, opportunities, key trends, Porter’s Five Forces analysis, value chain analysis, and key trend analysis.
Competition Landscape
  • Market share analysis by company (2022)
  • Company profiles section includes overview, product portfolio, sales footprint, key subsidiaries or distributors, strategy & recent developments, and key financials
Format Electronic (PDF) + Excel
Market Segmentation
  • ESP Cable Type
    • ESP Flat Power Cable
    • ESP Round Power Cable
  • Insulation
  • End-user Industry
    • Oil & Gas
    • Agriculture
    • Mining
    • Construction
    • Others
Regions Covered
  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • Latin America
  • MEA
Countries Covered
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Germany
  • U.K.
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • South Africa
  • GCC
Companies Profiled
  • Borets
  • The Kerite Company
  • General Cable Technologies Corporation
  • Prysmian Group
  • Jainson Cables India Pvt. Ltd.
  • Superstar Cable Industries
  • Southwire Company, LLC
  • Nexans
  • V-Guard Industries Ltd.
  • Havells India Ltd.
  • Hitachi Metals Ltd.
  • Alkhoorayef Petroleum
  • Schlumberger Ltd.
  • Halliburton
  • Baker Hughes, a GE Company
Customization Scope Available Upon Request
Pricing Available Upon Request

Frequently Asked Questions

How big was the global electric submersible cables market in 2022?

It was valued at US$ 5.2 Bn in 2022

How is the electric submersible cables business expected to grow during the forecast period?

It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.3% from 2023 to 2031

What are the key factors driving the demand for electric submersible cables?

Growth in adoption of electric submersible cables in the oil & gas sector and rise in demand for electric submersible pump for water and wastewater treatment

Which end-user industry segment held the largest share in 2022?

The mining segment accounted for the largest share in 2022

Which region dominated the electric submersible cables landscape in 2022?

Europe was the dominant region in 2022

Who are the key electric submersible cable manufacturers?

Borets, The Kerite Company, General Cable Technologies Corporation, Prysmian Group, Jainson Cables India Pvt. Ltd., Superstar Cable Industries, Southwire Company, LLC, Nexans, V-Guard Industries Ltd., Havells India Ltd., Hitachi Metals Ltd., Alkhoorayef Petroleum, Schlumberger Ltd., Halliburton, and Baker Hughes, a GE Company

1. Executive Summary

    1.1. Global Market Outlook

    1.2. Demand Side Trends

    1.3. Key Facts and Figures

    1.4. Trends Impacting Market

    1.5. TMR’s Growth Opportunity Wheel

2. Market Overview

    2.1. Market Segmentation

    2.2. Market Trends

    2.3. Market Dynamics

        2.3.1. Drivers

        2.3.2. Restraints

        2.3.3. Opportunities

    2.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

    2.5. Regulatory Analysis

    2.6. Value Chain Analysis

        2.6.1. List of Raw Material Suppliers

        2.6.2. List of Key Manufacturers

        2.6.3. List of Suppliers/ Distributors

        2.6.4. List of Potential Customers

    2.7. Technology Specification Analysis

    2.8. Overview of Manufacturing Process

    2.9. Cost Structure Analysis

3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis

4. Production Output Analysis, 2022

5. Price Trend Analysis

6. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

    6.1. Introduction and Definitions

    6.2. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        6.2.1. ESP Flat Power Cable

        6.2.2. ESP Round Power Cable

    6.3. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by ESP Cable Type

7. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

    7.1. Introduction and Definitions

    7.2. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        7.2.1. Polypropylene

        7.2.2. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)

    7.3. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Insulation

8. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    8.1. Introduction and Definitions

    8.2. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        8.2.1. Oil & Gas

        8.2.2. Agriculture

        8.2.3. Mining

        8.2.4. Construction

        8.2.5. Others

    8.3. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by End-user Industry

9. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, by Region, 2020–2031

    9.1. Key Findings

    9.2. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Region, 2020–2031

        9.2.1. North America

        9.2.2. Europe

        9.2.3. Asia Pacific

        9.2.4. Middle East & Africa

        9.2.5. Latin America

    9.3. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Region

10. North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, 2020–2031

    10.1. Key Findings

    10.2. North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

    10.3. North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

    10.4. North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    10.5. North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country, 2020–2031

        10.5.1. U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        10.5.2. U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        10.5.3. U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        10.5.4. Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        10.5.5. Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        10.5.6. Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    10.6. North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, 2020–2031

    11.1. Key Findings

    11.2. Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

    11.3. Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

    11.4. Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    11.5. Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

        11.5.1. Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        11.5.2. Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        11.5.3. Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        11.5.4. France Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        11.5.5. France Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        11.5.6. France Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        11.5.7. U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        11.5.8. U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        11.5.9. U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        11.5.10. Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        11.5.11. Italy. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        11.5.12. Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        11.5.13. Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        11.5.14. Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        11.5.15. Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        11.5.16. Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        11.5.17. Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        11.5.18. Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    11.6. Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, 2020–2031

    12.1. Key Findings

    12.2. Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type

    12.3. Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

    12.4. Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    12.5. Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

        12.5.1. China Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        12.5.2. China Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        12.5.3. China Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        12.5.4. Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        12.5.5. Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        12.5.6. Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        12.5.7. India Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        12.5.8. India Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        12.5.9. India Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        12.5.10. ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        12.5.11. ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        12.5.12. ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        12.5.13. Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        12.5.14. Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        12.5.15. Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    12.6. Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness Analysis

13. Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, 2020–2031

    13.1. Key Findings

    13.2. Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

    13.3. Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

    13.4. Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    13.5. Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

        13.5.1. Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        13.5.2. Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        13.5.3. Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        13.5.4. Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        13.5.5. Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        13.5.6. Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        13.5.7. Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        13.5.8. Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        13.5.9. Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    13.6. Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness Analysis

14. Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Analysis and Forecast, 2020–2031

    14.1. Key Findings

    14.2. Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

    14.3. Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

    14.4. Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    14.5. Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

        14.5.1. GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        14.5.2. GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        14.5.3. GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        14.5.4. South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        14.5.5. South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        14.5.6. South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

        14.5.7. Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

        14.5.8. Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

        14.5.9. Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

    14.6. Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness Analysis

15. Competition Landscape

    15.1. Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Company Share Analysis, 2022

    15.2. Company Profiles (Details – Overview, Financials, Recent Developments, and Strategy)

        15.2.1. Borets

            15.2.1.1. Company Description

            15.2.1.2. Business Overview

            15.2.1.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.1.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.2. The Kerite Company

            15.2.2.1. Company Description

            15.2.2.2. Business Overview

            15.2.2.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.2.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.3. General Cable Technologies Corporation

            15.2.3.1. Company Description

            15.2.3.2. Business Overview

            15.2.3.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.3.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.4. Prysmian Group

            15.2.4.1. Company Description

            15.2.4.2. Business Overview

            15.2.4.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.4.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.5. Jainson Cables India Pvt. Ltd.

            15.2.5.1. Company Description

            15.2.5.2. Business Overview

            15.2.5.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.5.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.6. Superstar Cable Industries

            15.2.6.1. Company Description

            15.2.6.2. Business Overview

            15.2.6.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.6.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.7. Southwire Company, LLC

            15.2.7.1. Company Description

            15.2.7.2. Business Overview

            15.2.7.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.7.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.8. Nexans

            15.2.8.1. Company Description

            15.2.8.2. Business Overview

            15.2.8.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.8.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.9. V-Guard Industries Ltd.

            15.2.9.1. Company Description

            15.2.9.2. Business Overview

            15.2.9.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.9.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.10. Havells India Ltd.

            15.2.10.1. Company Description

            15.2.10.2. Business Overview

            15.2.10.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.10.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.11. Hitachi Metals Ltd.

            15.2.11.1. Company Description

            15.2.11.2. Business Overview

            15.2.11.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.11.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.12. Alkhoorayef Petroleum

            15.2.12.1. Company Description

            15.2.12.2. Business Overview

            15.2.12.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.12.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.13. Schlumberger Ltd.

            15.2.13.1. Company Description

            15.2.13.2. Business Overview

            15.2.13.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.13.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.14. Halliburton

            15.2.14.1. Company Description

            15.2.14.2. Business Overview

            15.2.14.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.14.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.15. Baker Hughes, a GE Company

            15.2.15.1. Company Description

            15.2.15.2. Business Overview

            15.2.15.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.15.4. Strategic Overview

16. Primary Research: Key Insights

17. Appendix

List of Tables

Table 1: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 2: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 3: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 4: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 5: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 6: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 7: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Region, 2020–2031

Table 8: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Region, 2020–2031

Table 9: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 10: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 11: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 12: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 13: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 14: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 15: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Country, 2020–2031

Table 16: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country, 2020–2031

Table 17: U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 18: U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 19: U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 20: U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 21: U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 22: U.S. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 23: Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 24: Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 25: Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 26: Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 27: Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 28: Canada Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 29: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 30: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 31: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 32: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 33: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 34: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 35: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 36: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 37: Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 38: Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 39: Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 40: Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 41: Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 42: Germany Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 43: France Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 44: France Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 45: France Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 46: France Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 47: France Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 48: France Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 49: U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 50: U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 51: U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 52: U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 53: U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 54: U.K. Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 55: Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 56: Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 57: Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 58: Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 59: Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 60: Italy Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 61: Spain Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 62: Spain Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 63: Spain Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 64: Spain Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 65: Spain Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 66: Spain Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 67: Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 68: Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 69: Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 70: Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 71: Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 72: Russia & CIS Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 73: Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 74: Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 75: Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 76: Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 77: Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 78: Rest of Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 79: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 80: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 81: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 82: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 83: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 84: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 85: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 86: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 87: China Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 88: China Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type 2020–2031

Table 89: China Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 90: China Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 91: China Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 92: China Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 93: Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 94: Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 95: Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 96: Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 97: Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 98: Japan Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 99: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 100: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 101: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 102: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 103: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 104: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 105: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 106: India Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry 2020–2031

Table 107: ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 108: ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 109: ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 110: ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 111: ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 112: ASEAN Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 113: Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 114: Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 115: Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 116: Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 117: Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 118: Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 119: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 120: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 121: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 122: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 123: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 124: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 125: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 126: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 127: Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 128: Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 129: Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 130: Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 131: Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 132: Brazil Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 133: Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 134: Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 135: Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 136: Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 137: Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 138: Mexico Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 139: Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 140: Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 141: Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 142: Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 143: Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 144: Rest of Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 145: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 146: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 147: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 148: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 149: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 150: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 151: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 152: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2020–2031

Table 153: GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 154: GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 155: GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 156: GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 157: GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 158: GCC Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 159: South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 160: South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 161: South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 162: South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 163: South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 164: South Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 165: Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 166: Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by ESP Cable Type, 2020–2031

Table 167: Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 168: Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Insulation, 2020–2031

Table 169: Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

Table 170: Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user Industry, 2020–2031

List of Figures

Figure 1: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by ESP Cable Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 2: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by ESP Cable Type

Figure 3: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Insulation, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 4: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Insulation

Figure 5: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user Industry, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 6: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by End-user Industry

Figure 7: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 8: Global Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Region

Figure 9: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by ESP Cable Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 10: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by ESP Cable Type

Figure 11: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Insulation, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 12: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Insulation

Figure 13: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user Industry, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 14: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by End-user Industry

Figure 15: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Country, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 16: North America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Country

Figure 17: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by ESP Cable Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 18: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by ESP Cable Type

Figure 19: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Insulation, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 20: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Insulation

Figure 21: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user Industry, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 22: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by End-user Industry

Figure 23: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 24: Europe Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

Figure 25: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by ESP Cable Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 26: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by ESP Cable Type

Figure 27: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Insulation, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 28: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Insulation

Figure 29: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user Industry, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 30: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by End-user Industry

Figure 31: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 32: Asia Pacific Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

Figure 33: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by ESP Cable Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 34: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by ESP Cable Type

Figure 35: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Insulation, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 36: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Insulation

Figure 37: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user Industry, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 38: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by End-user Industry

Figure 39: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 40: Latin America Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

Figure 41: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by ESP Cable Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 42: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by ESP Cable Type

Figure 43: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Insulation, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 44: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Insulation

Figure 45: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user Industry, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 46: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by End-user Industry

Figure 47: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Value Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 48: Middle East & Africa Electric Submersible Cables Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

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