Acrylic Syntan Market

Acrylic Syntan Market (Type: Pure Soft Acrylic and Acrylic with Lubricant; and Application: Footwear, Garments and Apparel, Accessories, Upholstery and Furniture, Specialty Leathers, Dyeing, and Others) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2023-2031

Global Acrylic Syntan Market Outlook 2031

  • The global industry was valued at US$ 203.2 Mn in 2022
  • It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% from 2023 to 2031 and reach US$ 364.2 Mn by the end of 2031

Analysts’ Viewpoint on Market Scenario

Growth in the leather sector and rise in emphasis on sustainable and eco-friendly processes are expected to fuel the acrylic syntan market size during the forecast period. Acrylic syntan is gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional chrome tanning agents in the leather sector due to its environmental benefits and improved performance characteristics. Shift toward synthetic acrylic tanning agents is also projected to augment market expansion in the near future.

Surge in consumer demand for leather products, such as footwear, accessories, and upholstery, is likely to offer lucrative opportunities to vendors in the global acrylic syntan industry. Vendors are focusing on research and development activities to offer new and improved formulations of acrylic resin tanning chemicals. They are also forming strategic partnerships and collaborations with other companies in the leather sector to increase their acrylic syntan market share.

Acrylic Syntan Market

Market Introduction

Acrylic syntan is a type of synthetic chemical used in the tanning of leather. Syntans are a family of tanning chemicals that are added to the leather in conjunction with other tanning agents, such as chrome salts or vegetable tannins, to hasten the tanning process and enhance the properties of the leather. They provide improved color fastness, lightfastness, and thermal stability, as compared to chrome tanning agents. These qualities of synthetic leather chemicals contribute to the enhanced quality, durability, and esthetic appeal of leather products.

Growth in environmental awareness has led to a significant shift toward chrome-free tanning methods. Acrylic syntans, being a sustainable alternative, are poised to benefit from this trend. Manufacturers and consumers alike are increasingly recognizing the importance of reducing the environmental impact of the leather sector, which is contributing to the acrylic syntan market growth.

Growth in Leather Sector Fueling Acrylic Syntan Market Development

Acrylic syntan is known for its versatility in the leather sector. It is employed in tanning various types of leather including cowhide, sheepskin, and goat skin. Such versatility allows the use of acrylic syntan across a wide range of leather products such as footwear, apparel, accessories, upholstery, and the automotive sector. Thus, expansion in the leather sector is augmenting the acrylic syntan market value.

Acrylic syntans can be used in different stages of the tanning process, including both the pre-tanning and post-tanning phases. In the pre-tanning phase, they can be employed as a pretreatment agent to prepare the raw hides or skins for the tanning process. During the post-tanning phase, acrylic syntans can be applied as a finishing agent to improve the softness, fullness, and overall appearance of the leather.

Acrylic syntans have excellent tanning efficiency, meaning they have the ability to penetrate the leather fibers and bind with the collagen protein effectively. This results in a uniform and thorough tanning process, ensuring that the leather is well-tanned throughout its structure. Acrylic syntans contribute to the softness and suppleness of leather. They help maintain the natural feel and flexibility of the leather, ensuring that the end product is comfortable and pleasant to wear or use. This is particularly important for leather goods such as garments, footwear, and accessories.

Acrylic syntans offer good lightfastness properties, meaning they are resistant to fading or discoloration when exposed to sunlight or artificial light sources. This property helps maintain the original appearance and color intensity of the leather over time, making it more durable and visually appealing. The performance attributes of acrylic syntans contribute to the production of high-quality leather goods that meet the desired standards of durability, appearance, and comfort. Acrylic syntans enhance the tanning process and improve the properties of leather. Consequently, they play a vital role in meeting the demands of consumers and manufacturers in the leather sector.

Rise in Emphasis on Sustainable and Eco-friendly Processes Propelling Market Revenue

Acrylic syntans are considered more environment-friendly than traditional tanning agents, such as chrome-based syntans. Chrome-based tanning processes involve the use of toxic chromium salts, which can have detrimental effects on the environment, including water pollution and ecosystem damage. In contrast, acrylic syntans are typically free from heavy metals, harmful substances, and carcinogenic compounds. Their use helps reduce the overall environmental impact associated with leather production. Therefore, surge in focus on sustainable and eco-friendly processes is boosting the acrylic syntan market progress.

The leather sector is witnessing increase in emphasis on environmental regulations and sustainability. Several countries are implementing stringent regulations regarding the use of toxic substances in manufacturing processes, including tanning. Acrylic syntans, being free from harmful substances, align with these regulations, making them a preferred choice for leather manufacturers striving for compliance and sustainable practices.

Acrylic syntans offer improved safety for workers in the leather sector. Traditional tanning agents, such as chrome, pose health risks due to their toxicity. In contrast, acrylic syntans reduce the risk of exposure to harmful substances and minimize occupational hazards, ensuring a safer working environment for tannery employees.

Acrylic syntans promote sustainable manufacturing practices in the leather sector. Growth in consumer awareness regarding environmental issues and sustainability is leading to rise in demand for products manufactured using eco-friendly processes. Leather manufacturers utilizing acrylic syntans are demonstrating their commitment to sustainability in order to enhance their brand image and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.

Extensive Use of Acrylic Syntans in Leather Treatment

According to the latest acrylic syntan market trends, the leather end-use segment is expected to dominate the industry during the forecast period. Acrylic syntans are widely used in the leather sector for the treatment and tanning of leather hides and skins. They offer various advantages over traditional tanning agents, such as chrome, and have gained significant popularity in leather treatment processes.

Demand for acrylic syntans in leather treatment processes has been growing due to their eco-friendly nature, improved performance characteristics, and compliance with environmental regulations. Increase in global leather production and rise in preference for high-quality leather products are further contributing to the growth of this segment.

Regional Outlook

According to the latest acrylic syntan market forecast, North America is projected to hold largest share from 2023 to 2031, followed by Europe. Increase in demand for leather and leather accessories is fueling market dynamics in the region. Expansion in the fashion sector is a major factor boosting market statistics in Europe.

The industry in Asia Pacific is anticipated to grow at the fastest rate during the forecast period. India and China are major growth engines of the sector in the region. Surge in adoption of leather accessories and expansion in the textile sector are augmenting the market trajectory in Asia Pacific. Middle East & Africa and Latin America are relatively minor markets for acrylic syntan as compared to the market in other regions.

Analysis of Key Players

Key players in the industry are investing in research and development efforts to offer innovative formulations and improve product performance. They are also collaborating with tanners and leather manufacturers to strengthen their market presence and meet evolving customer needs.

BASF SE, Stahl Holdings B.V., Lanxess AG, TFL Holdings GmbH, Schill+Seilacher GmbH, and Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. are key manufacturers of acrylic syntans.

Key players have been profiled in the acrylic syntan market report based on various parameters such as company overview, financial overview, business strategies, product portfolio, business segments, and recent developments.

Key Developments

  • In March 2022, BASF launched a new range of acrylic syntans that are specifically designed for use in the textile sector. These products offer improved dyeing properties and reduced environmental impact.
  • In June 2021, Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. started a new production facility in India to meet the growth in demand for acrylic syntans in the country

Acrylic Syntan Market Snapshot

Attribute Detail

Market Value in 2022

US$ 203.2 Mn

Market Forecast Value in 2031

US$ 364.2 Mn

Growth Rate (CAGR)

6.7%

Forecast Period

2023-2031

Historical Data Available for

2022

Quantitative Units

US$ Mn for Value and Tons for Volume

Market Analysis

It includes cross-segment analysis at the global as well as regional level. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis includes drivers, restraints, opportunities, key trends, Porter’s Five Forces analysis, value chain analysis, and key trend analysis.

Competition Landscape

  • Market share analysis by company (2022)
  • Company profiles section includes overview, product portfolio, sales footprint, key subsidiaries or distributors, strategy and recent developments, and key financials

Format

Electronic (PDF) + Excel

Market Segmentation

  • Type
    • Pure Soft Acrylic
    • Acrylic with lubricant
  • Application
    • Footwear
    • Garments and Apparel
    • Accessories
    • Upholstery and Furniture
    • Specialty Leathers
    • Dyeing
    • Others
  • End-use
    • Leather
    • Textile

Regions Covered

  • North America
  • Latin America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • Middle East & Africa

Countries Covered

  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Germany
  • U.K.
  • France
  • Spain
  • Italy
  • Russia and CIS
  • Japan
  • China
  • India
  • ASEAN
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • GCC
  • South Africa

Companies Profiled

  • BASF SE
  • Stahl Holdings B.V.
  • Lanxess AG
  • TFL Holdings GmbH
  • Schill+Seilacher GmbH
  • Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.

Customization Scope

Available upon request

Pricing

Available upon request

Frequently Asked Questions

How big was the acrylic syntan market in 2022?

The global market was valued at US$ 203.2 Mn in 2022

How is the acrylic syntan industry expected to grow during the forecast period?

It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% from 2023 to 2031

What are the key factors driving the demand for acrylic syntan?

Growth in leather sector and rise in emphasis on sustainable and eco-friendly processes

Which was the largest acrylic syntan segment in 2022?

Leather was the largest end-use segment in 2022

Which region was highly lucrative for acrylic syntan business in 2022?

North America was highly lucrative in 2022

Who are the prominent acrylic syntan manufacturers?

BASF SE, Stahl Holdings B.V., Lanxess AG, TFL Holdings GmbH, Schill+Seilacher GmbH, and Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.

1. Executive Summary

    1.1. Global Market Outlook

    1.2. Demand Side Trends

    1.3. Key Facts and Figures

    1.4. Trends Impacting Market

    1.5. TMR’s Growth Opportunity Wheel

2. Market Overview

    2.1. Market Segmentation

    2.2. Market Trends

    2.3. Market Dynamics

        2.3.1. Drivers

        2.3.2. Restraints

        2.3.3. Opportunities

    2.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

    2.5. Regulatory Analysis

    2.6. Value Chain Analysis

        2.6.1. List of Raw Material Suppliers

        2.6.2. List of Key Manufacturers

        2.6.3. List of Suppliers/Distributors

        2.6.4. List of Potential Customers

    2.7. Product Specification Analysis

    2.8. Overview of Manufacturing Process

    2.9. Cost Structure Analysis

3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis

4. Production Output Analysis, 2022

5. Price Trend Analysis

6. Global Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

    6.1. Introduction and Definitions

    6.2. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        6.2.1. Pure Soft Acrylic

        6.2.2. Acrylic with Lubricant

    6.3. Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

7. Global Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

    7.1. Introduction and Definitions

    7.2. Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        7.2.1. Footwear

        7.2.2. Garments and Apparel

        7.2.3. Accessories

        7.2.4. Upholstery and Furniture

        7.2.5. Specialty Leathers

        7.2.6. Dyeing

        7.2.7. Others

    7.3. Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Application

8. Global Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    8.1. Introduction and Definitions

    8.2. Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        8.2.1. Leather

        8.2.2. Textile

    8.3. Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by End-use

9. Global Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031

    9.1. Key Findings

    9.2. Global Acrylic Syntan Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031

        9.2.1. North America

        9.2.2. Europe

        9.2.3. Asia Pacific

        9.2.4. Middle East & Africa

        9.2.5. Latin America

    9.3. Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Region

10. North America Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031

    10.1. Key Findings

    10.2. North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

    10.3. North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

    10.4. North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    10.5. North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country, 2023-2031

        10.5.1. U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        10.5.2. U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        10.5.3. U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        10.5.4. Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        10.5.5. Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        10.5.6. Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    10.6. North America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, Analysis

11. Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031

    11.1. Key Findings

    11.2. Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

    11.3. Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

    11.4. Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    11.5. Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

        11.5.1. Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        11.5.2. Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        11.5.3. Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        11.5.4. France Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        11.5.5. France Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        11.5.6. France Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        11.5.7. U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        11.5.8. U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        11.5.9. U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        11.5.10. Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        11.5.11. Italy. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        11.5.12. Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        11.5.13. Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        11.5.14. Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        11.5.15. Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        11.5.16. Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        11.5.17. Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        11.5.18. Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    11.6. Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, Analysis

12. Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031

    12.1. Key Findings

    12.2. Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type

    12.3. Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

    12.4. Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    12.5. Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

        12.5.1. China Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        12.5.2. China Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        12.5.3. China Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        12.5.4. Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        12.5.5. Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        12.5.6. Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        12.5.7. India Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        12.5.8. India Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        12.5.9. India Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        12.5.10. ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        12.5.11. ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        12.5.12. ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        12.5.13. Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        12.5.14. Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        12.5.15. Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    12.6. Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, Analysis

13. Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031

    13.1. Key Findings

    13.2. Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

    13.3. Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

    13.4. Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    13.5. Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

        13.5.1. Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        13.5.2. Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        13.5.3. Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        13.5.4. Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        13.5.5. Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        13.5.6. Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        13.5.7. Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        13.5.8. Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        13.5.9. Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    13.6. Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, Analysis

14. Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031

    14.1. Key Findings

    14.2. Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

    14.3. Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

    14.4. Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    14.5. Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

        14.5.1. GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        14.5.2. GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        14.5.3. GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        14.5.4. South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        14.5.5. South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        14.5.6. South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

        14.5.7. Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

        14.5.8. Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

        14.5.9. Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

    14.6. Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, Analysis

15. Competition Landscape

    15.1. Market Share Analysis, 2022

    15.2. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Recent Developments, and Strategy)

        15.2.1. BASF SE

            15.2.1.1. Company Description

            15.2.1.2. Business Overview

            15.2.1.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.1.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.2. Stahl Holdings B.V.

            15.2.2.1. Company Description

            15.2.2.2. Business Overview

            15.2.2.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.2.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.3. Lanxess AG

            15.2.3.1. Company Description

            15.2.3.2. Business Overview

            15.2.3.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.3.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.4. TFL Holdings GmbH

            15.2.4.1. Company Description

            15.2.4.2. Business Overview

            15.2.4.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.4.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.5. Schill+Seilacher GmbH

            15.2.5.1. Company Description

            15.2.5.2. Business Overview

            15.2.5.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.5.4. Strategic Overview

        15.2.6. Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.

            15.2.6.1. Company Description

            15.2.6.2. Business Overview

            15.2.6.3. Financial Overview

            15.2.6.4. Strategic Overview

16. Appendix

List of Tables

Table 1: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 2: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 3: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 4: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 5: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 6: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 7: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031

Table 8: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031

Table 9: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 10: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 11: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 12: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 13: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 14: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 15: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Country, 2023-2031

Table 16: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country, 2023-2031

Table 17: U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 18: U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 19: U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 20: U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 21: U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 22: U.S. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 23: Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 24: Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 25: Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 26: Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 27: Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 28: Canada Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 29: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 30: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 31: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 32: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 33: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 34: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 35: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 36: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 37: Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 38: Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 39: Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 40: Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 41: Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 42: Germany Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 43: France Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 44: France Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 45: France Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 46: France Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 47: France Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 48: France Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 49: U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 50: U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 51: U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 52: U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 53: U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 54: U.K. Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 55: Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 56: Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 57: Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 58: Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 59: Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 60: Italy Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 61: Spain Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 62: Spain Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 63: Spain Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 64: Spain Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 65: Spain Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 66: Spain Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 67: Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 68: Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 69: Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 70: Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 71: Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 72: Russia & CIS Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 73: Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 74: Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 75: Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 76: Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 77: Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 78: Rest of Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 79: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 80: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 81: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 82: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 83: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 84: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 85: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 86: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 87: China Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 88: China Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type 2023-2031

Table 89: China Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 90: China Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 91: China Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 92: China Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 93: Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 94: Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 95: Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 96: Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 97: Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 98: Japan Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 99: India Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 100: India Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 101: India Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 102: India Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 103: India Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 104: India Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 105: India Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 106: India Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use 2023-2031

Table 107: ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 108: ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 109: ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 110: ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 111: ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 112: ASEAN Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 113: Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 114: Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 115: Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 116: Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 117: Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 118: Rest of Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 119: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 120: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 121: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 122: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 123: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 124: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 125: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 126: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 127: Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 128: Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 129: Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 130: Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 131: Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 132: Brazil Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 133: Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 134: Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 135: Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 136: Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 137: Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 138: Mexico Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 139: Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 140: Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 141: Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 142: Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 143: Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 144: Rest of Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 145: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 146: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 147: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 148: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 149: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 150: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 151: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 152: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031

Table 153: GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 154: GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 155: GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 156: GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 157: GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 158: GCC Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 159: South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 160: South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 161: South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 162: South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 163: South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 164: South Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 165: Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 166: Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031

Table 167: Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 168: Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2023-2031

Table 169: Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

Table 170: Rest of Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume (Tons) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031

List of Figures

Figure 1: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 2: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

Figure 3: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Application, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 4: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Application

Figure 5: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 6: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by End-use

Figure 7: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 8: Global Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Region

Figure 9: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 10: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

Figure 11: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

Figure 12: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Application, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 13: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Application

Figure 14: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 15: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by End-use

Figure 16: North America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Country

Figure 17: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 18: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

Figure 19: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Application, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 20: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Application

Figure 21: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 22: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by End-use

Figure 23: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 24: Europe Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

Figure 25: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 26: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

Figure 27: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Application, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 28: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Application

Figure 29: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 30: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by End-use

Figure 31: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 32: Asia Pacific Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

Figure 33: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 34: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

Figure 35: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Application, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 36: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Application

Figure 37: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 38: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by End-use

Figure 39: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 40: Latin America Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

Figure 41: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 42: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Type

Figure 43: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Application, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 44: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Application

Figure 45: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 46: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by End-use

Figure 47: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031

Figure 48: Middle East & Africa Acrylic Syntan Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region

Copyright © Transparency Market Research, Inc. All Rights reserved